Ion exchange resins inside softening units contact with the hardness (Ca2+ and Mg2+) ions inside the raw water, change places with sodium ions that are bounded on the resin. This transaction can be expressed as ‘Ion Exchange’ in short. Resin, which reach to saturation with hardness ions and thus does its capacity is made subject to a regeneration process. During this regeneration process, salt (NaCl) solution is used. While resin leaves calcium (Ca2+ ) and magnesium (Mg2+) ions, it connects the sodium (Na) ions to itself again. The unit that completes its generation with salt water, after completing its rinsing process, again passes to service position and thus completes the generation process. System automation can be made time controlled or flow controlled.
ROTATEK Tandem Softening Units has the ability of supplying water continuously for 24 hours. Two resin tanks used in tandem softeners and, while one of the tanks is in service position, the other one waits as regenerated on idle.
S/P Series single softening systems and TS/P series tandem softening systems that are designed with FRP polyester tank and multi-way automation valves furnish service for a large flow range.
S/S Series single and TS/S Series tandem softening systems that are designed with steel body tank and electric actuator control valves are manufactured as nine standard series.
Hardness ions in water cause section reduction in pipes in time. This situation is very evident especially in pipes in which water temperature is above 55 °C.
HARDNESS MEASURE
Hardness is a chemical parameter showing the density of calcium and magnesium in water.
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HARDNESS MEASURE
(1 Fr= 10 mg/Lt CaCO Equivalent )
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Very soft
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0-2 Fr
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0-20 mg/It
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Soft
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2-6 Fr
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20-60 mg/It
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Middle Hard
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6-12 Fr
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60-120 mg/It
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Hard
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12-18Fr
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120-180 mg/It
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Very Hard
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>18 Fr
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>180 mg/It
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- It is inevitable that hardness ions gather on surfaces where water is heated. The more the thickness of limestone layers on these surfaces increase, the more insulation it causes, thus the cost of energy, which is necessary in order to heat the water accordingly increases.
- Hardness in water, in time, losses its resolution either naturally or when water is heated, and it starts to stick onto surfaces it passes. Inside of these pipes is quickly filled, pressure and flow of water decrease.
- With hard water, much more soap and cleaning material are used during domestic usage.
- Limescale that is very hard to clean appear on surfaces which is in contact with hard water.
- Soap curd sticks onto human skin after shower or bath. It blocks pores of the skin, covers the hair and cause it to become hard. Mass that sticks onto skin enables a suitable environment for bacteria to multiply.
- Ice made of hard water has an appearance of steam.
- In manufacturing industry, using hard water in so many process cuts back product quality.
- On surfaces to which hard water touches, limescale that are very hard to clean, come into existence.
Warning for Drinking Water:
Drinking ion exchange softened water may be dangerous for human health. It should be remembered that softening process is an ion exchange processs. During ion exchange softening process, sodium replaces with calcium and magnesium in water. As sodium concentration is going to increase in softened water, it is more proper that this type of water should be drank only after demineralizing it via reverse osmosis technology.